аЯрЁБс>ўџ HJўџџџGџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС#` јПP8bjbjЁЁ 1DУУP0џџџџџџЄтттттттіккккюібŠ :H H H H H H H PRRRRRR$[hУZvтжH H жжvттH H ‹   ж"тH тH P жP  тт H  ТSgKМЧкјО D Ё0б Ж` т $H №8 b š Ж H H H vv H H H бжжжжіііфкііікіііттттттџџџџ 17-Feature Living With Bears Becomes A Part Of Nevada Living It's Your Responsibility To Get Along With Yogi And Friends by Johnny Gunn There are few areas of Nevada that aren't what is described as traditional bear habitat and range, even though most of the Silver State's bruins now live along the Sierra Nevada and in particular in the Tahoe Basin and Carson Range. Black bears are beginning to move back into their old traditional ranges, and for one very good reason; humans are moving into their current home range. At one time the black bears had to share much of their territory with Grizzly Bears, the bear that is on the California State Flag. Grizzly Bears do not exist in Nevada or California today. "We have almost two distinct species of black bears in Nevada," says Nevada Department of Wildlife bear biologist Carl Lackey, "urbanized and wild." Lackey says that there are bears that actually live within housing areas in the foothills and around the mountains of the Lake Tahoe basin. According to the most recent research, the Tahoe Basin is home to the highest density of black bears in North America, that is, number of bears per square kilometer. "They are called black bears," Lackey says, "but they can come in many different shades and colors, ranging from almost blond to black. The bear known as the brown bear is the Grizzly Bear." DAVID, PLEASE PUT THE PICTURE 1. GRIZ WITH SALMON HERE The recent black bear attack of a Utah camper's tent and death of a youngster taken from that tent is a grotesque reminder that bears are large, dangerous, and are opportunistic predators. "We've never had a bear attack a child in Nevada," Lackey said recently, "but with so many people moving into bear country, education about the danger is somewhat lacking." Lackey feels that most people don't see the bears as being a threat, and he says, when an urban area bear weighs in around 400-500 pounds, that threat is real. Yogi was a cute wise cracking cartoon character and your favorite teddy bear cuddle toy was just that. A real bear is neither. DAVID, PLEASE PUT THE PICTURE 2. CHARGING BEAR HERE With thousands of people moving from cities, looking for that rural atmosphere, there are some things that simply aren't taken into consideration. "In too many cases, the only experience many of these people have with wildlife is from the Discovery Channel and their back yard bird feeders," Lackey says. Nevada doesn't have any laws against feeding wildlife, no regulations dealing with control of garbage and trash in wildlife areas, and when new subdivisions are built in bear country, there are no regulations forcing the use of bear proof garbage containers. Bears have a high intelligence level, learn quickly where food can be obtained, and since bears are hungry at all times, garbage is feast. When bears come out from hibernation, they are ravenous. When they are getting ready for their long winter's nap, they are ravenous. In between time, according to bear experts, they are ravenous. "Bears that live in urban areas become human habituated quickly," Lackey says, "learning to tolerate the human activity, and won't necessarily run away from a human." He said that children waiting for school busses have often encountered bears strolling through the area, not paying a bit of attention to the children. A wild bear is naturally wary, afraid of humans but an urban bear, one that lives well because of humans, may not be afraid and with time could even become aggressive. One Lake Tahoe area woman was awakening from a nap one warm afternoon and when she stepped from her bedroom into a hallway found muddy bear prints leading into the kitchen. She found the door to her refrigerator ripped from its hinges and no edible food left in the area. The bear knew where to go and what to do. DAVID PLEASE PUT THE PICTURE 3. BEAR/RESIDENCE HERE In Yosemite National Park, bears have learned how to rip doors and hatch backs right off vehicles because they could see coolers inside. According to Lackey, most bad bear incidents are with urbanized bears. Newcomers to bear country, he says, make many mistakes, and many could be very dangerous. "Too often a new resident in bear country will plant fruit trees, which are immediate bear attractants, and don't use bear proof garbage containers." Nuisance bears in Nevada are only relocated if they become a threat to human life, not for getting into garbage. If a bear is tearing up a garden full of fresh vegetables, ripping branches from an apple tree, or gorging on unprotected garbage, that is the responsibility of the resident, not the State of Nevada, says Lackey. If you are doing what is right as far as protecting your property and life from a bear problem, but your neighbor isn't, your only recourse is civil court. Unfortunately, Lackey says, creating a nuisance by attracting bears is not against the law. The Nevada Department of Wildlife website has some excellent information on bears and how to protect yourself from nuisance bears. Go to  HYPERLINK http://www.ndow.org http://www.ndow.org The department has found over the years that relocating nuisance bears simply doesn't work even if the relocation is more than 100 miles. "They find their way home," Lackey says. "If the garbage problem persists, bears will be there." He reiterated the fact that bears are opportunistic predators. If a bear becomes aggressive, breaks into homes, threatens humans, then the department does something they do not want to do. The bear has become more than a nuisance and must be killed. Bears all have some of the same characteristics shared with others of their species, one of which is ear size. Bear's ears don't change much in size over the years, and that apparent size can tell you the size or approximate growth period of a bear. If the bear you're looking at appears to have large ears, it is probably rather young, while a bear with apparently small ears is probably fully mature. DAVID, PLEASE PUT PICTURE 4. CUB IN TREE HERE Yes, they are cute as all get out when they're young cubs, but even as cubs they learn from mama, and if mama is an urban bear she will teach her babies how to find food the easy way; in someone's garbage, garden, or refrigerator. It was reported in the Sierra Sun newspaper recently that a bear broke into a refer and destroyed a gingerbread house that had just won a prize for being the best. The break in took place at Granlibakken near Tahoe City. Bears apparently have not broken into the area before, so this one had some inside information? According to the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), "Since July 1, 1997, all of the black bear deaths in the Lake Tahoe Basin with a known cause were due to human activities despite the continued protected status of bears in Nevada." Most of the bears have been killed by drivers when the bears get on highways. Again, according to the experts the urban development has brought more people, more roads, and encroachment of bear territory. The WCS believes that bears move about through various neighborhoods searching for that banquet that someone has left out for them. Many bears are captured each year and fitted with GPS collars, which prove their theory. In the wild, bears hunt for the easiest meal and in urban areas they do the same. That is primarily why urban bears are generally larger than wild bears, by as much as 200 pounds. In the foothills from north of Susanville in California south to Yosemite National Park there are hundreds of black bears, and probably hundreds of relatively new housing developments, which force the bears and the humans to live together. It hasn't been an harmonious association so far. There is now another problem that is coming into play called drought. Drought isn't something new in Nevada, and in the past bears were known to come down out of the mountains in search of food. Today, it becomes far easier for a bear to simply take up residence in a developed area and feast off the foolishness of the residents. When their fear goes away, the problem of a serious conflict can become reality. But a drought has a large affect on the wild bear population. Their natural feed is not plentiful, water is in short supply, and they spread their range in compensation, which can bring them into contact with humans, in some cases for the first time in their lives. Wild bears in human areas are far more dangerous than urbanized bears according to wildlife experts. While wild bears are naturally fearful of humans, it is also possible that they can feel trapped or in danger and become aggressive. DAVID, PLEASE PUT PICTURE 5.BIG BAD BEAR HERE The major fire at Lake Tahoe, burning as you read this, is driving wildlife out of natural habitat, including bears. Wildlife officials are pleading with residents and visitors to stay away from any wildlife they may encounter. The animals are stressed and can become very dangerous, even belligerent for little reason. You will not be helping an animal to attempt some kind of rescue; you will be jeopardizing your own health. If NDOW doesn't relocate nuisance bears, what do they do? According to Lackey, the department has found "bear education" the best answer. Bears are captured in non injury traps, sedated and moved to a wild area close to the neighborhood, and when released are shot with rubber pellets and chased by bear dogs. "We have found that this type of education seems to work well. Our bear dogs are very aggressive and the rubber bullets give the bears a good sting in the behinds." Lackey put the problem this way, "If a garbage problem continues, it is the home owner's responsibility. The bears will be there." Lackey has two Karelian Bear Dogs that he introduced me to. I was swamped with love, but he says their greatest joy is chasing and harassing black bears. According to the website  HYPERLINK http://www.karelianbeardog.us http://www.karelianbeardog.us,"Karelian Bear Dogs are a primitive dog, descendants of the ancient spitz-type hunting dogs that for millennia survived the harsh continental climate of the taiga zone of northeastern Europe, just below the tundra. Centuries ago, primitive hunting dogs made man's survival possible, providing meat for their families and pelts that could be traded for essentials such as flour, gun powder, and tea." DAVID PLEASE PUT PICTURE 6.ROOSTER HERE A group known as the Tahoe Bear League has a website that speaks to individuals that live in bear country and offers help if that individual is having trouble with nuisance bears. Go to  HYPERLINK http://www.savebears.org http://www.savebears.org for more information. According to the website, the league now has two Karelian Bear Dog puppies. The bear dogs don't look like friendly dogs, and for a bear they are not, but they enjoy human company and offer bountiful love to anyone around. According to the NDOW website, there are only a few things that one can do to keep nuisance bears away. Use bear proof garbage containers is at the head of the list. Don't feed the bears, says Lackey. It's that simple. Bears are omnivorous, that is, they eat meat, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. Bird feeders are filled with nutritious bear feed. Fruit trees will bring a bear from miles away. Dog and cat food left outside is snack time to a 500 pound bruin, in fact, say bear experts, dogs and cats left outside are also bear food. Keeping bears away also will keep other wild predators off your property. Mountain lions will seldom go after fruits and vegetables, but meats and garbage are baits for the big cats. Coyotes feast on small dogs and will salivate over a fat urban cat. Feeding other wild animals such as squirrels, marmots, migratory and upland birds will bring all sorts of predators to your property. "It's a case of common sense," says Lackey. In other words, if you don't want predators on your property, don't give out the invitation. Lackey says, "When people are irresponsible with their food and garbage, bears can wind up in trouble. Bears," he says, "naturally fear humans, but if they have access to human food sources, they may become addicted, lose their natural fear of humans, and even become aggressive." 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